izindaba

1. Uhlolojikelele Lomkhiqizo
Isifinyezo se-Polyacrylamide (amide)
i-polyacrylamide (PAM)
Izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ezihlanzekile
I-Polyacrylamide, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PAM, ihlukaniswe i-anionic (APAM), i-cationic (CPAM), ne-nonionic (NPAM). I-polymer ewumugqa futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zezinhlanganisela ze-polymer ezincibilika emanzini. I-Polyacrylamide kanye nokuphuma kwayo kungasetshenziswa njengama-flocculants asebenzayo, ama-thickeners, izithuthukisi zephepha kanye nama-ejenti okunciphisa ukudonsa, njll., futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni kwamanzi, ukwenza iphepha, uphethiloli, amalahle, izimayini kanye nokusansimbi, i-geology, izindwangu, ukwakhiwa, njll. umkhakha wezimboni.

3. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhetha imikhiqizo ye-polyacrylamide:
① Ukukhethwa kwe-flocculant kucabangela ngokugcwele inqubo nezidingo zemishini.

②Amandla e-floc angakhuliswa ngokukhulisa isisindo se-molecular of the flocculant.

③Inani lokushaja le-flocculant lihlolwa ngokuhlolwa.

④Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu (izinga lokushisa) kuthinta ukukhethwa kwe-flocculant.

⑤Khetha isisindo samangqamuzana e-flocculant ngokuya ngosayizi we-floc odingwa inqubo yokwelashwa.

⑥Xuba i-flocculant kanye nodaka kahle ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
4. Izici zokusebenza:

1. I-molecule ye-polyacrylamide inezakhi zofuzo ezinhle, ikhono eliqinile lokugeleza, umthamo ophansi, nomphumela wokwelapha osobala.

2. Ine-solubility enhle nomsebenzi ophezulu. Izimbali ze-alum ezakhiwe ukujiya emanzini zinkulu futhi zihlala ngokushesha. Inomthamo wokuhlanza izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ezinkulu kunamanye ama-polymers ancibilika emanzini.

3. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile nomthelela omncane enanini le-pH nezinga lokushisa lomzimba wamanzi. Ngemva kokuhlanzwa kwamanzi aluhlaza, afinyelela izinga lokubhekisela emanzini likazwelonke. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini zifeza inhloso ye-flocculation nokucaciswa, okulungele ukwelashwa kwe-ion exchange kanye nokulungiswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile.

4. Ayigqwali futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, okungathuthukisa ukushuba kwabasebenzi kanye nezimo zokusebenza zenqubo yokudosa.

5. Ububanzi besicelo se-polyacrylamide

I-molecule ye-polyacrylamide inesakhi sofuzo esihle (-CONH2), esingakhanga futhi sivale izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ezihlakazeke esixazululweni. Inomphumela oqinile we-flocculation. Ingakwazi ukusheshisa ukulungiswa kwezinhlayiya ekumisweni, futhi inokusheshisa okusobala kakhulu kwesixazululo. Ingakwazi ukucacisa nokukhuthaza ukuhlunga, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi, amandla kagesi, izimayini, ukulungiswa kwamalahle, imikhiqizo ye-asbestos, imboni ye-petrochemical, i-papermaking, i-textile, ukucwenga ushukela, imithi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll.
1. Njenge-flocculant, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile-oluketshezi, okuhlanganisa ukuchithwa kwe-sedimentation, ukucaciswa, ukugxila kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi odaka. Izimboni eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo yilezi: ukuthuthwa kwendle emadolobheni, imboni yephepha, imboni yokucubungula ukudla, imboni ye-petrochemical, Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile embonini ye-metallurgical, imboni yokucubungula amaminerali, imboni yokudaya, imboni kashukela kanye nezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Isetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwe-sludge sedimentation kanye ne-sludge dehydration ekwelapheni indle yasemadolobheni kanye nenyama, izinkukhu, kanye nokucubungula ukudla kwamanzi angcolile. Amaqembu afakwe kahle aqukethe ugesi anciphisa ama-colloid emvelo ashajelwe kabi odaka futhi Umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ama-polymers ukhuthaza izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ukuthi zihlangane zibe ama-flocs amakhulu futhi zihlukaniswe nokumiswa kwazo. Umphumela usobala futhi umthamo mncane.
2. Embonini yephepha, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yamandla omile wephepha, i-retention aid kanye nosizo lokuhlunga, okungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yephepha, ukonga izindleko nokwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza wemishini yephepha. Ingakha ngokuqondile amabhuloho e-electrostatic ane-ion kasawoti we-inorganic, imicu kanye namanye ama-polymers e-organic ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla angokomzimba wephepha, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemicu noma izigcwalisi, ukusheshisa ukuhlungwa kwamanzi, futhi kudlale indima yokuqinisa, ukugcinwa kanye nosizo lokuhlunga. Ingaphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwamanzi aMhlophe, ngasikhathi sinye, ingaba nomphumela osobala we-flocculation ngesikhathi senqubo ye-deinking.
3. I-fiber slurry (imikhiqizo ye-asbestos-simende) ingathuthukisa ukuphuma kwemikhiqizo ye-asbestos-simende futhi ikhulise amandla ezikhala zebhodi le-asbestos; emabhodini okufakelwa, ingathuthukisa ikhono lokubopha lezithasiselo kanye nemicu.
4. Ingasetshenziswa njengesicaciseli samanzi angcolile ezimayini kanye namanzi angcolile okuwasha amalahle ezimbonini zokumba nokulungisa amalahle.
5. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile okudaya, amanzi angcolile esikhumba, namanzi angcolile anamafutha ukuze kususwe imfucumfucu futhi kukhishwe umbala ukuze kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.
6. Ekuhlanzweni kwe-phosphoric acid, kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa i-gypsum kunqubo ye-phosphoric acid emanzi.
7. Isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant yokuhlanza amanzi ezitshalweni zamanzi ezinomthombo wamanzi omfula.
6. Izindlela zokusebenzisa nezinyathelo zokuphepha:
1. Sebenzisa amanzi angathathi hlangothi, angenawo usawoti ukuze ulungise isisombululo se-aqueous nge-concentration ye-0.2%.
2. Njengoba lo mkhiqizo ulungele uhla olubanzi lwamanani e-pH yamanzi, umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-0.1-10ppm (0.1-10mg/L).
3. Incibilike ngokuphelele. Lapho uncibilika, gudluza amanzi kahle bese wengeza impushana yomuthi kancane futhi ngokulinganayo ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwamapayipi namaphampu okubangelwa ukugeleza okukhulu namehlo ezinhlanzi.
4. Isivinini sokuxuba ngokuvamile singu-200 rpm futhi isikhathi asikho ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-60. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngokufanelekile ngo-20-30 degrees Celsius kungasheshisa ukuhlakazeka. Ukushisa okuphezulu komuthi owuketshezi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-60.
5. Thola umthamo ophelele. Nquma umthamo ophelele ngokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yokuthi umthamo uphansi kakhulu, ngeke usebenze, futhi uma umthamo uphezulu kakhulu, uzoba nomphumela ophambene. Uma idlula ukuhlushwa okuthile, i-PAM ayigcini nje ngokuntweza, kodwa iyahlakazeka futhi isetshenziswe ngokuzinzile.
6. Lo mkhiqizo kufanele ugcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuze uvimbele umswakama.
7. Indawo okusetshenzwa kuyo kufanele igezwe ngamanzi njalo ukuze ihlale ihlanzekile. Ngenxa ye-viscosity yayo ephezulu, i-PAM ehlakazekile ngaphansi komhlaba iba bushelelezi lapho ivezwe emanzini, ivimbela abaqhubi ukuthi bangasheleli futhi babangele izingozi zokuphepha.
8. Lo mkhiqizo ufakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle lwenziwe ngezikhwama ezilukiwe zepulasitiki ezenziwe nge-laminated, isikhwama ngasinye singama-25Kg.
7. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezici zokusebenzisa
1. Izinto ezibonakalayo: Ifomula yemolekyuli (CH2CHCONH2)r
I-PAM iyi-polymer eqondile. Incibilika kalula emanzini futhi icishe ingancibiliki ku-benzene, i-ethylbenzene, i-esters, i-acetone nezinye izinyibilikisi ezivamile zemvelo. Isixazululo saso esinamanzi siwuketshezi lwe-viscous olucishe lube sobala futhi luwumkhiqizo ongeyona ingozi. I-PAM engagqwali, eqinile i-hygroscopic, futhi i-hygroscopicity iyanda ngokunyuka kwe-ioncity. I-PAM inokuqina okuhle kokushisa; inozinzo oluhle uma ishisa ku-100°C, kodwa ibola kalula ukuze ikhiqize igesi yenitrogen uma ishisa ku-150°C noma ngaphezulu. Ingena kwi-imidization futhi ayincibiliki emanzini. Ukuminyana (g) ml 23°C 1.302. Izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lingu-153°C. I-PAM ibonisa uketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
2. Izici zokusetshenziswa
I-Flocculation: I-PAM inganciphisa izinto ezimisiwe ngogesi, i-adsorption yebhuloho, futhi yenze i-flocculation.
I-Adhesion: Ingasebenza njenge-adhesive ngokusebenzisa imiphumela yemishini, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali.
Ukunciphisa Ukumelana: I-PAM inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukumelana noketshezi. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-PAM emanzini kunganciphisa ukumelana nokungqubuzana ngo-50-80%.
Ukuqina: I-PAM inomphumela wokujiya ngaphansi kwezimo zombili ezingathathi hlangothi nezine-asidi. Uma inani le-pH lingaphezu kuka-10°C, i-PAM i-hydrolyzed kalula futhi inokwakheka kwe-semi-reticular, futhi ukujiya kuzoba sobala kakhulu.
8. Synthesis kanye inqubo polyacrylamide PAM
9. Izinyathelo zokupakisha nezokugcina:
Kulo mkhiqizo, qiniseka ukuthi uyawuvikela kumswakama, imvula, nokukhanya kwelanga.
Isikhathi sokubeka: iminyaka emi-2, isikhwama sephepha esingu-25kg (isikhwama sepulasitiki esifakwe isikhwama sephepha se-plastic kraft ngaphandle).